Lub khob yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj silicate, cov tshuaj txhuam xws li sopium carbonate, thiab boraxy carbonate, thiab boraxy carbonate, thiab borxil carbonate, nrog cov ntaub ntawv nqus dej, nrog cov ntaub ntawv ib yam li cov xim. Lub hnab nqus tsev yog melted ntawm qhov kub. Cov ions sab hauv lub khob yog sib koom siab thiab sib tham. Tom qab high - kub smelting, tag nrho ib feem ua rau cov khoom siv tshuaj insoluble, tsis tsim cov nyhuv zoo nkauj, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb ntim khoom zoo. Cov iav nquag yog silicate iav. Dej qab zib khob, borosilicate iav, etc. Cov neeg Iyiv ua tau cov thawv ntim ntau dua 3,000 xyoo dhau los. Txij thaum ntawd los, iav tau dhau los ua cov khoom ntim ntim rau cov khoom noj thiab lwm yam khoom. Lub hnab nqus tsev yog hom kev xav, muaj cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm zoo, thiab muaj xim ci thiab cov xim uas ci thiab translucent. Vim nws qhov kev zoo nkauj zoo, rov qab siv dua tshiab hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, thiab lwm yam. Kev rhuav tshem cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov txheej txheem smelting. Cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo yuav tsim teeb meem nrog kev sib cais ntawm kev tawm suab los ntawm cov khoom nyoos ntawm lub ntsej muag. Yog li, cov iav cov khoom yuav tsum tau soaked hauv dej los yog rhuab nrog dilute acid. Cov khoom noj uas cov khoom noj uas xav tau. Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm cov kua qaub iav rau borosilicate iav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau qhov zoo melting thiab molding txheej txheem los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov ntim.
